Heat Treatment

Normalization annealing – this is used to soften the rough and uneven primary structure to achieve the optimum properties for a given material, whilst maintaining the least possible tension inside the casting.

Hardening and tempering – results in a controlled amount of hardening structures, particularly martensite, and possibly bainite.

Reduced tension annealing – removes large areas of internal tension in castings which are the result of both contraction and also of uneven cooling of the strong and weak parts of the casting inside the mould.

Soft annealing – makes it easier to finish castings and reduces cracking when risers burning; also improves workability.

Reduced stress annealing after welding – removes tension after production welding.
- homogenizes welded sections and reduces differences in hardness of base metal, transition bed and weld metal.

Ferritization annealing – allows modification of the structure of the base filler metal in nodular irons, removal of hard spots after burning, welding repairs, etc.

Surface hardening – allows the creation of a surface hardening structure while maintaining the inner strength of the piece.

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Annealing gas furnace

Used for normalization, tempering, stress relieving, preheating for welding repair and for firing risers and gates and burning off defects at heating

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Annealing car-type furnace

Used for normalization, tempering, stress relieving, preheating for welding repair and for firing risers and gates and burning off defects at heating, quenching and tempering

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Continuous annealing furnace

Used for normalization

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Electric car-type furnace

Used for normalization, tempering, stress relieving, quenching and tempering

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Electric chamber and pit type furnaces

Used for quenching and tempering

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Surface hardening

Allows the creation of a surface hardening structure while maintaining the inner strenght of the piece

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